Monday, January 20, 2020
Realization of Life :: essays papers
Realization of Life At one point in one^Ãâs life, he will come to some realization, develop a higher understanding of himself, or have an epiphany of some type. This one incident can change a person^Ãâs entire outlook on life including their beliefs and practices. There will be many notable events in one^Ãâs life, but there will be only few incidents in which one will come to a profound comprehension of his life or life in general. These few incidents are what create adversity in one^Ãâs self. The mental unease which comes along with these incidents is not usually long lasting, but embeds a dramatic concept to which one will often refer. A few years ago, I underwent one of these experiences in which I realized that life entailed no inherent meaning, but only that of which I could myself assign to my actions and despite this I must somehow find happiness in my life. One will always perceive life and its events differently. Because of this, two entirely similar events may influence two individuals in the exact opposite directions. Persons can usually be associated with one of the traditional temperaments, which are phlegmatic, choleric, sanguine, and melancholic. These temperaments are representative of the four humors; phlegm, yellow bile, blood and black vile respectively. One will view and translate events based upon their own personal temperament. I find myself to be melancholic and in that, I find the most significance in seemingly insignificant events. During my freshman year, I was writing a paper for English Class late one night. I recollect the paper was based on the views of Ernest Hemingway. In my frustration, I asked myself, How important is this paper? This was the first time I had ever asked myself this question. In all the assignments prior to this point I had never questioned their importance. In fact, I surprised myself with the answer. At that moment, I realized that the essay was completely unimportant and would not effect me in the long run. Upon this, I began to exam all the events of earlier in the day. I could not find any real meaning in any of these events. Suddenly and horrifically I came to the assumption that not only my life, but life in general was seemingly meaningless in the scheme of the universe. With this conclusion I came to wonder, is life worth living? Up until this point I had found meaning in my life. In order to live productively, I
Sunday, January 12, 2020
Discuss the Following Segments
Discuss the following segments: (1)What does Dahl mean by ââ¬Å"Ideal Democracyâ⬠in Part 1 of his book ââ¬Å"On Democracyâ⬠? Define and summarize Dahlââ¬â¢s more significant points. (2)Using what you have learned in Part 1 of the Dahl book (through Chapter 7), discuss whether or not the founding of our United States (the Articles of Confederation, creation of the US Constitution)seems to have been ââ¬Å"democraticâ⬠? If it was, to what extent was it democratic? How well do you think the early United States,duringour founding years,would measure up to Dahlââ¬â¢s framework of ââ¬Å"ideal democracyâ⬠?Discuss any arguable democratic deficiencies (or shortcomings) that you may perceive to have existed during those early years. Consider the creation and effects of the Constitution. Relate to Dahl. (3)In your view, how well did the United States measure up to Dahlââ¬â¢s ââ¬Å"ideal democracyâ⬠after the founding(consider the 1800s, post-Civil War Amend ments and their arguable impacts, etc. ) and through the more recent era of the 1950-1960ââ¬â¢s push for civil rights? Again, discuss any democraticdeficiencies, or shortcomings (according to Dahlââ¬â¢s framework). Do you notice any improvements during these many years,from the founding to the 1960s?Was there any development of our American ââ¬Å"democracyâ⬠, any imperfections or flaws as of the 1964/1965 Civil Rights legislation that was passed? Relate to Dahlââ¬â¢s framework. 4) Are any of our civil rights and /or liberties at risk today? Consider Justice Scaliaââ¬â¢s comments about voting and racial entitlements (end of February 2013). In addition, you may consider other important matters. Argue you points. Be sure to relate to Dahlââ¬â¢s framework. What should be done, and by who? Your letter to an official should focus on this segment of current matters, threats to our democracy.KEEP IN MIND:As you work on this paper, consider Dahlââ¬â¢s concept of â⬠Å"ideal democracyâ⬠and aim to identify any democratic deficiencies (and any arguable tradeoffs) that you perceive to have existed during these times of our countryââ¬â¢s development. Always argue for your points. Think about what is significant. Aim to learn something about our countryââ¬â¢s political and social development since birth through the 1960ââ¬â¢s civil rights era. Use and cite any evidence you wish. Cite everything used, even if from the text, even if paraphrased. Due to the fairly short length of this paper and the need to imit scope of your material and points, you will need to make an outline and hit the more significant or major points. You will decide and argue for your positions on what seems to be significant to the development of democracy in the United States. Think critically. Relate to the Dahl book. SPECIFIC HINTS on the topic: You may consider the founding of the United States, including the Articles of Confederation, the Philadelphia Conventi on, the resulting United States Constitution and any relevant issues or problems that became evident in society, and what we have covered in the course through civil rights and liberties.Regarding issues and events related to civil rights and liberties, did the post-Civil War Amendments and legal decisions (you may consider this as a ââ¬Å"firstâ⬠civil rights movement) make any difference to our level or degree of ââ¬Å"democracyâ⬠, as defined under Dahlââ¬â¢s framework? You may consider anypolitical-social-economic problems that led up to the more recent ââ¬Å"civil rights movementâ⬠of the 1950s and 1960s. How close to Dahlââ¬â¢s ââ¬Å"ideal democracyâ⬠did these civil rights movements bring our country?Submit: ââ¬âBrief OUTLINE (1page max, bullet point style is fine). What will you plan to discuss? PAPER and letter: 5 to 7 pages in length of paper. This includes a one-page LETTER TO AN OFFICIAL of your choice. What suggestions or demands would y ou like to make? Also, add title page and reference page at the back (no matter how few materials are utilized). Double-spaced, 1â⬠margins, and some normal font style and size (such as 12). No Wikipedia. CITE EVERYTHING borrowed from other sources, even if paraphrased.You may use parenthetical citations, footnotes or endnotes where applicable. You choose the style. Note: Preserve your academic integrity and do your own work, give others credit when due. You are responsible for reading and understanding the collegeââ¬â¢s policy on academic dishonesty / plagiarism (see our college website, and see me if you have any questions). Late ââ¬Å"FIRST PAPERSâ⬠will be lowered one full letter grade for each day late. Save all parts of the paper All in ONE FILE and post online under the proper discussion for these papers.
Saturday, January 4, 2020
21st Century Segregation Are We Still Divided by Race
21st Century Segregation: Are We Still Divided by Race? Racial segregation was a concept that began in early history and is still prevalent in some societies today. It is often seen as a destructive forceful tactic of separating individuals based on their racial background. However, many new immigrants voluntarily choose to live in a segregated society. Segregation can be easily seen in certain communities where there is a concentration containing a particular racial group. The area where one lives significantly influences their overall quality of life as well as their job, education opportunities, formation of social relationships and networks or access to a mortgage. These aspects have an impact on socio-economic status and theâ⬠¦show more contentâ⬠¦It sparked internal resistance and violence. The apartheid played a harsh role for black women as they suffered not only racial segregation but also gender discrimination. Employment was hard to find but for those who could find jobs, they worked as agriculture or domestic workers with very low pay. The controlled movement of black and coloured workers within the country through the pass laws separated family members from one another, because men usually worked in urban centres while women were forced to stay in rural areas. Pass laws were a form of internal passport system designed to segregate the population, mainly to limit the movement of the black population. Pass laws were one of the dominant features of the apartheid system. The black population were required to carry these pass books with them when outside their homelands or designated areas. Failure to produce a pass often resulted in the person being arrested. The apartheid was eventually abolished in 1991 with the repeal of the last remaining apartheid laws. Segregation may have both voluntary and involuntary causes, so residential segregation is not necessarily due to racism, although it may always seem like it. For many Chinese immigrants, the decision to reside in Chinatowns may be entirely voluntary. They will have better opportunities within their own ethnic neighbourhood and they can avoid the stigmatization by the white population. They come together to formShow MoreRelatedRacism And Prejudice : Racial Profiling1078 Words à |à 5 PagesRacism and Prejudice Inflicted black communities since segregation and is still continues in todayââ¬â¢s 21st century. The past and present assure us that history once again repeat itself with no difference. Americans has become divided to an expectation of what an American is. It seems that there has not been any solution to racial profiling. Unconsciously criminalââ¬â¢s assumptions are being beaten, violated, and murder over the decades. According to Thandisiwe Chimurenga, NO DOUBT THE MUR DER OF OSCARRead MoreThe Apartheid Of South Africa1333 Words à |à 6 PagesIntroduction: According to my research if we study the history of South Africa all we could see is racial discrimination. Africa was all in control of Whites till 1994. South Africa got free from racial discrimination when Nelson Mandela took a step became the first black prime minister of South Africa. Contemporary South Africa is now economically strong and it is completely a racial free state. The contemporary South Africa is now in race with every state in every field. Before 1994 South AfricaRead More Racism: A Historical and Social Construct in America Essay2951 Words à |à 12 Pagesup on the basis of race. Even many years ago European settlers looked down upon the Native Americans as inferior. Years later in todayââ¬â¢s modern society, racism still exists, although we may not fully realize it. Many people are not aware of how much racism still exists in our schools workforces, and anywhere else where social lives are occurring. Using our sociological imagination, we are capable of appl ying the role of race to any situation. However, in some situations, race does not play a covertRead MoreSouls Of Black Folk, By B. Dubois1673 Words à |à 7 Pagesways. However, in terms of race, the answer to this question was similar among most African Americans. Living like they are a problem, consists of a majority of their lives. Different documents ranging from 1903 to our present day in 2015 mirror this same ideology. People such as W.E.B DuBois, Anne Moody, Martin Luther King Jr., and Barack Obama, expressed the same concern. Many people in our society, past and present, see being African American as a sign of inferiority. Race shouldnââ¬â¢t be the distinguishingRead MoreRace and Ethnic Stratification Essay1910 Words à |à 8 Pagesbased on race and ethnicity. The views of people based on their skin color, place of origin, or their cultural background have caused a stratification of men and women. We now have majority and minority groups, hate groups, ethnic enclaves, segregation, income differences, and have even experienced mass genocide in our world (Carl, 2011). All of these are direct effects of a persons race or ethnicity. These all provide humans with a struggle between each other for various resources. Race and ethnicRead MoreCritically Assess Du Bois s Conception Of Double Consciousness1862 Words à |à 8 Pageswill be concluded that double consciousness is something that extends far beyond the realm of race and despite increased multiculturalism and diversity, double consciousness is even more present now than it was during the times in which Du Bois was commenting. As such, whilst double consciousness may have the potential to be dissolved, at present it is still as relevant as it was during the 20th century. Du Boisââ¬â¢s conception of double consciousness is something heavily drawn upon throughout blackRead MoreAfrican Americans2313 Words à |à 10 Pagesidentity through many historical movements. The 13th Amendment to the US Constitution officially abolished slavery and freed the slaves to make a life for themselves as the Reconstruction Period. During the Reconstruction Era (1867) African Americans still suffered hardships under the leadership of Andrew Johnson who became president after Lincoln had got assassinated in 1865. Andrew Johnson had no intention of helping the African Americans he wanted to punish the slaveholders in the South. AndrewRead MoreThe Sociology of Women: A Study4847 Words à |à 19 Pageswith Disabilities: The Double Discrimination 5 Sex Segregation in the Workplace 6 The Fourth Wave of Feminism- Psychoanalytic Perspectives Introductory Remarks 7 The Social Construction of Sexuality 8 Masculinity as Homophobia Fear, Shame, and Silence in the Construction of Gender Identity 9 Homophobia as a Weapon of Sexism 10 Before Spring Break, the Anorexic Challenge 11 Oppression - Marilyn Frye 12 Personal Voices: Facing Up to Race 13 Income Gap between Men and Women 14 BrassRead MoreHistory Report : Racism Towards African Americans2138 Words à |à 9 Pagesopposed it. The Civil War resulted in the freedom of all African Americans from their enslavement, however they were not granting them all their rights and liberties. From the end of the Civil war and the Civil Rights movements of the early 20th century to the issues that surround racism in our modern day and age, African Americans have been fighting to earn equality and put an end to racism. Overtime though racial acceptance has been slowly improving, racism towards minority groups, especiallyRead MoreCross Cultural Issues Between China and Usa3613 Words à |à 15 PagesImpacts on tourism and hospitality industry 12 8.0 Conclusion 13 References 14 1.0 Background The evolution of mankind since prehistoric ages has led to the diversity of people and how people live their lives in the 21st century. The existence of different human race and different environment is the reason why people are so different from one another. Their external environments mould them into what they have become as of today. The ongoing development and recollection of customs which a
Thursday, December 26, 2019
The Philosophical Community As The Father Of Existentialism
Soren Kierkegaard is known, almost universally, in the philosophical community as the Father of Existentialism. His works all seek to answer a fundamental question of existence, one that plagued humanity since the times of Aristotle and beyond; How should we life our lives? More specifically in his publication, Either/Or, Kierkegaard introduces two life philosophies, one of the aesthetic and one of the ethic. These viewpoints, argued and symbolized by two characters, ââ¬Å"Aâ⬠, and Judge Wilhelm. Kierkegaard uses these characters as vehicles for explaining the two viewpoints but does not actually take a side, instead leaving his true intentions ambiguous. Aââ¬â¢s and Judge Wilhelmââ¬â¢s philosophies, on the surface, look fundamentally different, however, looking past what they are explicitly stating, a deeper realization emerges. That being A and Judge Wilhelm are actually two sides of the same coin. Bounded by, and implicitly frightened by what Kierkegaard calls boredom, or, in other works of his, as despair. Either/Or presents itself much like a debate, starting with Aââ¬â¢s point of view and having the Judge retaliate after. Aââ¬â¢s philosophy falls under what Kierkegaard calls the aesthete, someone who regards boredom as the root of all evil and avoids it like the plague. Aââ¬â¢s solution to this boredom is Rotation Method. A states, ââ¬Å"Just as a farmer rotates the crops to keep the soil fertile, so must a man forever change himself in order to remain interesting.â⬠Under this philosophy A protestsShow MoreRelatedThe Relationship Between Gregor and Samsa Essay1670 Words à |à 7 Pagesthe meaning and purpose of existence, Franz Kafka is one to be noted and studied. A follower of the existentialism movement, he made it a point explore existential philosophy in his literary works. In Franz Kafkaââ¬â¢s The Metamorphosis, the main character Gregor Samsa is the parallel to Franz Kafka which is evident through the portrayal of th eir similar paternal relationships, ties to existentialism, and their inability to exist without the interference of others. The main character, Gregor SamsaRead MoreWith Age, We Question Our Lives836 Words à |à 3 Pagesnot want to be grouped with existentialists such as Dostoevsky, Kierkegaard, or Kafka (Payne, 1992). However, many experts say that his philosophy is a mixture of existentialist and humanism. Most of his works revolved around the philosophy of existentialism, absurdism and humanism. Camus may reject that he is a philosopher but his works have greatly influenced many people and caught the attention of many philosophers and experts in literature. Another factor that makes Camusââ¬â¢ philosophy confusingRead MoreAnalysis Of The Movie Dance Of America By Lorrie Moore2264 Words à |à 10 Pagesbed. Freedom is living as one wants to live. Throughout life, one tends to live just as they please; they live freely. As one chooses to live freely, they create their own essence-the reason that they exist. Throughout the story, many themes of existentialism are present. The narrator has to choose whether or not to stay at her hotel. She also makes the commitment to teach others about dance. Many would say her good friend, Cal, should feel dread in his life. He lives in an old run down fraternityRead MoreThe Road by Cormac McCarthy Essay examples2349 Words à |à 10 Pages In the novel, The Road, Cormac McCarthy illustrates the expressions, settings and the actions by various literary devices and the protagonistââ¬â¢s struggle to survive in the civilization full of darkness and inhumanity. The theme between a father and a son i s appearing, giving both the characters the role of protagonist. Survival, hope, humanity, the power of the good and bad, the power of religion can be seen throughout the novel in different writing techniques. He symbolizes the end of the civilizationRead MoreExistentialism vs Essentialism23287 Words à |à 94 PagesEssentialism vs. Existentialism Essentialism: A belief that things have a set of characteristics that make them what they are, amp; that the task of science and philosophy is their discovery amp; expression; the doctrine that essence is prior to existence While, Existentialism:A philosophical theory or approach, that emphasizes the existence of the individual person as a free amp; responsible agent, determining their own development through acts of the will. Existentialism * isRead MoreThe Philosophical And Sociocultural Influences On Educational Theory And Practice958 Words à |à 4 PagesThis history of education is robust in the number of philosophical and sociocultural influences on educational theory and practice. According to the Taking Sides text for ED833, ââ¬Å"Historically, organized education has been initiated and instated to serve many purposes ââ¬â spiritual salvation, political socialization, moral uplift, societal stability, social mobility, mental discipline, vocational efficiency, and social reform, among others.â⬠The changes that take place in education are a directlyRead MorePhilosophical And Sociocultural Influences On Educational Theory And Practice954 Words à |à 4 PagesThis history or education is robust in the number of philosophical and sociocultural influences on educational theory and practice. According to the Taking Sides text for ED833, ââ¬Å"Historically, organized education has been initiated and i nstated to serve many purposes ââ¬â spiritual salvation, political socialization, moral uplift, societal stability, social mobility, mental discipline, vocational efficiency, and social reform, among others.â⬠The changes that result in education stem from the everRead More Is The Second Sex Beauvoirs Application of Sartrean Existentialism?3713 Words à |à 15 PagesIs The Second Sex Beauvoirs Application of Sartrean Existentialism? ABSTRACT: Simone de Beauvoirs 1949 feminist masterpiece, The Second Sex, has traditionally been read as an application of Sartrean existentialism to the problem of women. Critics have claimed a Sartrean origin for Beauvoirs central theses: that under patriarchy woman is the Other, and that one is not born a woman, but becomes one. An analysis of Beauvoirs recently discovered 1927 diary, written while she was a philosophyRead MoreCritical Theory and the Leading Theorists in Education Theorists play an important role in society700 Words à |à 3 PagesCritical Theory and the Leading Theorists in Education Theorists play an important role in society today. Members of the community look to these leaders of their field to help guide and make understanding of the situations we approach in life. There are many different views on the topics in society, especially education and how we learn. ________ The Critical Theory and leading theorist have influenced how we view education and driven to shape our understanding of how we learning in the worldRead MoreBranches of Philosophy8343 Words à |à 34 Pageshow such truths could be known. Ethics is also associated with the idea of morality. Platos early dialogues include a search for definitions of virtue. â⬠¢ Political philosophy is the study of government and the relationship of individuals and communities to the state. It includes questions about justice, the good, law, property, and the rights and obligations of the citizen. â⬠¢ Aesthetics deals with beauty, art, enjoyment, sensory-emotional values, perception, and matters of taste and sentiment
Wednesday, December 18, 2019
ââ¬Ëââ¬â¢Discuss How the Release of Nelson Mandela Benefitted the...
ââ¬Ëââ¬â¢Discuss how the release of Nelson Mandela benefitted the negotiation process.ââ¬â¢Ã¢â¬â¢ When Mandela was released from prison the negotiation process was virtually non-existent and it only began when he and De Klerk sat down and talked about the state of affairs that the country was in and a way forward. Without him the negotiation process would have probably been abandoned due to ongoing conflict and distrust between the two partyââ¬â¢s. Mandela was a master of leadership and in him were the skills needed to negotiate the way forward from the apartheid era. The paragraphs below shall elaborate. After Mandela was released from prison talks were immediately setup so that some sort of understanding could be reached. The Groote Schuur Minute was theâ⬠¦show more contentâ⬠¦Talks resumed a short while after the incident and at the end the leaders came to common ground. An agreement called the Record of Understanding was drawn up and in this document it stated that elections would be held, with each race allowed equality, presidents would stay in power for five years, a new constitution would be drawn up and the Inkatha members were not allowed to carry traditional weapons at their rallies. This shows how Mandela was an asset to South Africa when the negotiation process was happening and thus his release was of great benefit. The assassination of Chris Hani was another setback as the country cried in outrage and the different sides were at each other necks. De Klerk had seemingly lost control of the country as there were many riots in different townships. The country was near civil war and something had to be done. Mandela step out and asked for calm and peace in this difficult time. Mandela was instrumental in the achievement of calm in South Africa at this point and this shows that his release from prison was very beneficial. The leadership skills of Mandela were great as he saw the problems of the country and that they had to be solved at the root. The Minutes and Conventions were stages for negotiations that solved South Africaââ¬â¢s internal problems which lead to internal pressures and sanctions being lifted thus saving South Africa, this would not have been achieved if Mandela was not released from prison. No one had the masteryShow MoreRelatedStephen P. Robbins Timothy A. Judge (2011) Organizational Behaviour 15th Edition New Jersey: Prentice Hall393164 Words à |à 1573 Pages165 Motivation Concepts 201 Motivation: From Concepts to Applications 239 3 The Group 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 Foundations of Group Behavior 271 Understanding Work Teams 307 Communication 335 Leadership 367 Power and Politics 411 Conflict and Negotiation 445 Foundations of Organization Structure 479 v vi BRIEF CONTENTS 4 The Organization System 16 Organizational Culture 511 17 Human Resource Policies and Practices 543 18 Organizational Change and Stress Management 577 Appendix
Tuesday, December 10, 2019
Case Digest free essay sample
The company did the foregoing upon a complaint of one of its medical representative, Cynthia Magat, on the attempt by Ramon Formantes to sexually force himself upon his subordinate. The Labor Arbiter rendered decision finding the dismissal of Ramon Formantes valid for an attempt to sexually abuse Cynthia Magat but imposing a penalty on respondent for its failure to give formal notice and conduct the necessary investigation before dismissing petitioner. The petitioner was not satisfied about the decision of the Labor Arbiter. The petitioner appealed to the NLRC. NLRC affirmed the decision of the Labor Arbiter. Petitioner went to the Court of Appeals. The CA affirmed the NLRCââ¬â¢s decision with modification of the penalty imposed against the respondent from P1,000. 00 to P5,000. 00. ISSUE: Whether or not the dismissal of petitioner on the ground of sexual abuse is proper when the charge against him, stated in the termination letter, was insubordination. We will write a custom essay sample on Case Digest or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page RULING: Although petitioner was dismissed from work by the respondent on the ground of insubordination, this Court cannot close its eyes to the fact that the ground of sexual abuse committed against petitioners subordinate actually exists and was established by substantial evidence before the LA. The LA would be rendered inutile if she would just seal her lips after finding that a just cause for dismissal exists merely because the said ground was not stated in the notice of termination. Thus, we hold the dismissal as valid, but we find that there was non-compliance with the twin procedural requirements of notice and hearing for a lawful dismissal. Since the dismissal, although for a valid cause, was done without due process of law, the employer should indemnify the employee with nominal damages. The Decision and Resolution of the Court of Appeals are AFFIRMED with the MODIFICATION that the sanction imposed on respondent for non-compliance with statutory due process is increased from P5,000. 00 to P30,000. 00.
Tuesday, December 3, 2019
Northern Spotted Owl Essays - Strix, Owls, Northern Spotted Owl
Northern Spotted Owl The mere mention of the creature's name brings shudders to loggers and some local inhabitants, fear over its existence has incited rallies, garnered the attention of three government agencies, and caused people to tie themselves to trees. On April 2, 1993, President Bill Clinton embarked on a quest to settle a long-standing battle. The environmentalists on one side, and their attempts to protect natural resources, and the timber industry's desire for the same on the other. Unemployment and economic devastation was said to surely follow, due to the loss of timber industry jobs. No trees were allowed to be cut within 70 acres of The Northern Spotted Owl's nest. Other laws protected trees in a 2,000-acre circle around the birds. Listed as "threatened" under the Endangered Species Act, the Northern Spotted Owl has inadvertently landed in the in middle of the complicated debate over logging in the Pacific Northwest. Under the Act, logging of many old-growth forests has been suspended to protect the bird and its remaining habitat. Survival of the Northern Spotted Owl The Northern Spotted Owl can only live in old growth environment, it is considered an "indicator species": The health of the Northern Spotted Owl population indicates the health of the old-growth forest ecosystem. An individual Northern Spotted Owl needs more than 3,000 acres of old growth to survive, because of its scarce food supply. The Northern Spotted Owl is found in the cool, moist woodlands on the Pacific Northwest. The habitat of the Northern Spotted Owl can be described as trees relatively large in diameter in the stand, multi-layered canopy, large tall live trees with cavities, broken tops, mistletoe, or platforms of branches capable of holding accumulated organic matter suitable for use as a nest, dead standing trees and fallen decayed trees to support abundant populations of prey species, especially northern flying squirrels and woodrats. The Timber Industry In May 1991, Federal District Judge William Dwyer issued a landmark decision finding that the Forest Service had violated the National Forest Management Act by failing to implement an acceptable management plan for the northern spotted owl. His decision forbade timber sales across the spotted owl region until the Forest Service implemented an acceptable plan. An injunction blocking timber sales in Northern Spotted Owl habitat affected 17 national forests in Washington, Oregon and Northern California. The consequences for the rural economy in many areas of the Pacific Northwest were devastating. As many as 135 mills were closed, pushing unemployment up to 25 percent in some small communities. The mill closings affected cutters, loggers, and truck drivers, including other businesses that provided services to them were also out of work. Conclusion It makes sense that wildlife needs a healthy forest in order to survive. Wildlife, however, also plays an important role in maintaining a forest's health. Clearcutting is ecologically unsound because it destroys a complex ecosystem and endangers many of the species that rely on it. Managing forest habitats for owls also provides many other wildlife species with places to live. Because it is such a stable and unique community, it provides a habitat for many organisms that are only found there. Old growth forests are also valuable in the maintenance of watersheds. Without the ground cover and extensive root systems associated with old growth, water runs off steep hillsides much more rapidly and causes extensive erosion. Many streams in old growth forests are important for fish spawning, and the excess sediment loads can completely destroy spawning areas. Some species of salmon are now seriously endangered, primarily as a result of excessive logging activity. Another value that is a little less tangible has to be experienced to be appreciated. Just walking into an old growth forest causes most people to catch their breath and they feel as if they have entered a cathedral. It's easy to feel that you are the only person on earth as you walk beneath the silent mammoths towering above. Knowing that the trees you are looking at could be 2,000 years old makes you feel insignificant. Economic setbacks due to saving complex echo systems and endangered species is a small price to pay. If we continue to focus on quantity rather then quality, we will exhaust the earth's environment. At this point we have caused extensive damage to the environment, plants and animals due to greed and commercialism it is certainly time to pay our share. Bibliography Des Jardins, J. (1997) Environmental Ethics Power, T. (1995) Economic Well-Being And Environmental Protection a report By 60 Northwest Economists, Reviewed by George McKinley Sweet Home hard hit by
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